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Molecular outflows are often detected originating from both protostellar andextragalactic sources. Studies of low-mass, isolated high-mass, andextragalactic sources reveal scaling relations connecting the force carried byan outflow and the properties of the source that drives it. The aim of thiswork is to examine the effects of clustered star formation on the protostellaroutflows and their scaling relations and to explore the possibility thatoutflows varying greatly scale and energetics are consistent with beinglaunched by the same physical processes. High-angular resolution CO J = 3-2observations were used of ten high-mass protostars in the Cygnus-X molecularcloud, obtained at the SMA as part of the PILS-Cygnus survey. From these data,the outflow force was measured. In addition, an extended sample of protostellarand extragalactic outflow-force measurements was assembled from existingliterature to allow for a direct comparison of the scaling relations of the twotypes of outflows. Molecular outflows were detected originating from all tensources of the PILS-Cygnus survey, and their outflow forces are found in closeagreement with measurements from the literature. The comparison of theprotostellar and extragalactic sources reveals, with 95\% confidence, thatClass 0 protostars and extragalactic sources follow the same outflowforce--bolometric luminosity correlation. The close agreement between theCygnus-X sources and sources of similar envelope mass and bolometric luminositysuggests that clustered star formation has no significant effect onprotostellar outflows. We find a strong indication that protostellar andextragalactic outflows are consistent with having a similar launch mechanism.The existence of such a mechanism would enable the development of a singleuniversal outflow launch model, although more observations are required inorder to verify this connection.

Connecting Galactic and extragalactic outflows: From the Cygnus-X cluster to active galaxies