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We study the mean properties of a large representative sample of 217 galaxiesshowing CIII] emission at $2<z<4$, selected from a parent sample of $\sim$750main-sequence star-forming galaxies in the VANDELS survey. These CIII] emittershave a broad range of UV luminosities, thus allowing a detailed stackinganalysis to characterize their stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR) andstellar metallicity, as a function of the UV emission line ratios, EWs, and thecarbon-to-oxygen (C/O) abundance ratio. Reliable CIII] detections represent$\sim$30% of the parent sample. Extreme CIII] emitters(EW(CIII])$\gtrsim$8\r{A}) are exceedingly rare ($\sim$3%) in VANDELS. The UVline ratios of the sample suggest no ionization source other than massivestars. Stacks with larger EW(CIII]) show larger EW(Ly$\alpha$) and lowermetallicity, but not all CIII] emitters are Ly$\alpha$ emitters. The stellarmetallicities of CIII] emitters are not significantly different from that ofthe parent sample, increasing from $\sim$10% to $\sim$40% solar for stellarmasses $\log$(M$_{\star}$/M$_{\odot})\sim$9-10.5. The stellar mass-metallicityrelation of the CIII] emitters is consistent with previous works showing strongevolution from $z=0$ to $z\sim3$. The C/O abundances of the sample range35%-150% solar, with a noticeable increase with FUV luminosity and a smoothdecrease with the CIII] EW. We discuss the CIII] emitters in the C/O-Fe/H andthe C/O-O/H planes and find they follow stellar and nebular abundance trendsconsistent with those of Milky Way halo and thick disc stars and local HIIgalaxies, respectively. A qualitative agreement is also found with chemicalevolution models, which suggests that CIII] emitters at $z\sim$3 areexperiencing an active phase of chemical enrichment.

The VANDELS survey: global properties of CIII]$\lambda$1908\r{A} emitting star-forming galaxies at z$\sim$3