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Intensity mapping of the 21cm signal of neutral hydrogen will yield excitinginsights into the Epoch of Reionisation and the nature of the first galaxies.However, the large amount of data that will be generated by the next generationof radio telescopes, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), as well as thenumerous observational obstacles to overcome, require analysis techniques tunedto extract the reionisation history and morphology. In this context, weintroduce a one-point statistic, to which we refer as the local variance,$\sigma_\mathrm{loc}$, that describes the distribution of the mean differential21cm brightness temperatures measured in two-dimensional maps along thefrequency direction of a light-cone. The local variance takes advantage of whatis usually considered an observational bias, the sample variance. We find theredshift-evolution of the local variance to not only probe the reionisationhistory of the observed patches of the sky, but also trace the ionisationmorphology. This estimator provides a promising tool to constrain the midpointof reionisation as well as gaining insight into the ionising properties ofearly galaxies.

Using the sample variance of 21cm maps as a tracer of the ionisation topology