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The discovery and study of pulsars and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) intime-domain radio data is often hampered by radio frequency interference (RFI).Some of this terrestrial RFI is impulsive and bright, and relatively easy toidentify and remove. Other anthropogenic signals, however, are weaker yetperiodic, and their persistence can drown out astrophysical signals. Here weshow that Fourier-domain excision of periodic RFI is an effective and powerfulstep in detecting weak cosmic signals. We find that applying the methodsignificantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio of transient as well asperiodic pulsar signals. In live studies, we detected single pulses frompulsars and FRBs that would otherwise have remained buried in background noise.We show the method has no negative effects on pulsar pulse shape and that itenhances timing campaigns. We demonstrate the method on real-life data from anumber of large radio telescopes, and conclude that Fourier-domain RFI excisionincreases the effective sensitivity to astrophysical sources by a significantfraction which can be even larger than an order of magnitude in case of strongRFI. An accelerated implementation of the method runs on standard time-domainradio data formats and is publicly available.

Fourier domain excision of periodic radio frequency interference