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We used dedicated SRG/eROSITA X-ray, ASKAP/EMU radio, and DECam opticalobservations of a 15 sq.deg region around the interacting galaxy cluster systemA3391/95 to study the warm-hot gas in cluster outskirts and filaments, thesurrounding large-scale structure and its formation process. We relate theobservations to expectations from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations fromthe Magneticum suite.  We trace the irregular morphology of warm-hot gas of the main clusters fromtheir centers out to well beyond their characteristic radii, $r_{200}$. Betweenthe two main cluster systems, we observe an emission bridge; thanks toeROSITA's unique soft response and large field of view, we discover tantalizinghints for warm gas. Several matter clumps physically surrounding the system aredetected. For the "Northern Clump," we provide evidence that it is fallingtowards A3391 from the hot gas morphology and radio lobe structure of itscentral AGN. Many of the extended sources in the field detected by eROSITA areknown clusters or new clusters in the background, including a known SZ clusterat redshift z=1. We discover an emission filament north of the virial radius,$r_{100}$, of A3391 connecting to the Northern Clump and extending south ofA3395 towards another galaxy cluster. The total projected length of thiscontinuous warm-hot emission filament is 15 Mpc, running almost 4 degreesacross the entire eROSITA observation. The DECam galaxy density map showsgalaxy overdensities in the same regions. The new datasets provide impressiveconfirmation of the theoretically expected structure formation processes on theindividual system level, including the surrounding warm-hot intergalacticmedium distribution compared to the Magneticum simulation. Our spatiallyresolved findings show that baryons indeed reside in large-scale warm-hot gasfilaments with a clumpy structure.

astronomy and astrophysics

The Abell 3391/95 galaxy cluster system: A 15 Mpc intergalactic medium  emission filament, a warm gas bridge, infalling matter clumps, and (re-)  accelerated plasma discovered by combining SRG/eROSITA data with ASKAP/EMU  and DECam data