English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

This paper forms the second part of our study on how the neglect of NLTEconditions in the formation of Fe I 6301.5 A and the 6302.5 A lines influencesthe atmosphere obtained by inverting their profiles in LTE. The main cause ofNLTE effects is the line opacity deficit due to the excess ionization of the FeI atoms by the UV photons in the Sun. In the first paper, the abovephotospheric lines were assumed to have formed in 1DNLTE and the effects ofhorizontal radiation transfer (RT) were neglected. In the present paper, theiron lines are computed in 3DNLTE. We investigate the influence of horizontalRT on the inverted atmosphere and how it can enhance or reduce the errors dueto the neglect of 1DNLTE effects. The iron lines are computed in LTE, 1DNLTEand 3DNLTE. They all are inverted using an LTE inversion code. The atmospherefrom the inversion of LTE profiles is taken as the reference model. The testatmospheres from the inversion of 1DNLTE and 3DNLTE profiles are compared withit. The differences between models are analysed and correspondingly attributedto NLTE and 3D effects. The effects of horizontal RT are evident in regionssurrounded by strong horizontal gradients in temperature. In some regions, the3D effects enhance the 1DNLTE effects while in some, they weaken. The errorsdue to neglecting the 3D effects are less than 5% in temperature while theerrors are mostly less than 20% in both velocity and magnetic field strength.These errors are found to survive spatial and spectral degradation. The neglectof horizontal RT is found to introduce errors in the derived atmosphere. Howlarge the errors are depends on how strong the local horizontal gradients arein temperature. Compared to the 1DNLTE effect, the 3D effects are morelocalised to specific regions in the atmosphere and overall less dominant.

Influence of NLTE effects in Fe I lines on inverted atmosphere II. 6301 A and 6302 A lines formed in 3DNLTE