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Context. Distant galaxy clusters provide an effective laboratory in which tostudy galaxy evolution in dense environments and at early cosmic times. Aims.We aim to identify distant galaxy clusters as extended X-ray sources coincidentwith overdensities of characteristically bright galaxies. Methods. We useoptical and near-infrared (NIR) data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) and VISTADeep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) surveys to identify distant galaxyclusters as overdensities of bright, $z_{phot}\geq 0.8$ galaxies associatedwith extended X-ray sources detected in the ultimate XMM extragalactic survey(XXL). Results. We identify a sample of 35 candidate clusters at $0.80\leqz\leq 1.93$ from an approximately 4.5 deg$^2$ sky area. This sample includes 15newly discovered candidate clusters, ten previously detected but unconfirmedclusters, and ten spectroscopically confirmed clusters. Although these clustershost galaxy populations that display a wide variety of quenching levels, theyexhibit well-defined relations between quenching, cluster-centric distance, andgalaxy luminosity. The brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) within our sampledisplay colours consistent with a bimodal population composed of an old and redsubsample together with a bluer, more diverse subsample. Conclusions. Therelation between galaxy masses and quenching seem to be already in place at$z\sim 1$, although there is no significant variation of the quenching fractionwith the cluster-centric radius. The BCG bimodality might be explained by thepresence of a younger stellar component in some BCGs but additional data areneeded to confirm this scenario.

The XXL survey: XLII. Detection and characterization of the galaxy population of distant galaxy clusters in the XXL-N/VIDEO field: A tale of variety