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The circumstellar disk of PDS 70 hosts two forming planets, which areactively accreting gas from their environment. In this work, we report thefirst detection of PDS 70 b in the Br$\alpha$ and $M'$ filters with VLT/NACO, atentative detection of PDS 70 c in Br$\alpha$, and a reanalysis of archivalNACO $L'$ and SPHERE $H23$ and $K12$ imaging data. The near side of the disk isalso resolved with the Br$\alpha$ and $M'$ filters, indicating that scatteredlight is non-negligible at these wavelengths. The spectral energy distributionof PDS 70 b is well described by blackbody emission, for which we constrain thephotospheric temperature and photospheric radius to $T_\mathrm{eff}=1193 \pm20$ K and $R=3.0 \pm 0.2$ $R_\mathrm{J}$. The relatively low bolometricluminosity, $\log(L/L_\odot) = -3.79 \pm 0.02$, in combination with the largeradius, is not compatible with standard structure models of fully convectiveobjects. With predictions from such models, and adopting a recent estimate ofthe accretion rate, we derive a planetary mass and radius in the range of$M_\mathrm{p}\approx 0.5-1.5$ $M_\mathrm{J}$ and $R_\mathrm{p}\approx 1-2.5$$R_\mathrm{J}$, independently of the age and post-formation entropy of theplanet. The blackbody emission, large photospheric radius, and the discrepancybetween the photospheric and planetary radius suggests that infraredobservations probe an extended, dusty environment around the planet, whichobscures the view on its molecular composition. Finally, we derive a roughupper limit on the temperature and radius of potential excess emission from acircumplanetary disk, $T_\mathrm{eff}\lesssim256$ K and $R\lesssim245$$R_\mathrm{J}$, but we do find weak evidence that the current data favors amodel with a single blackbody component.

astronomy and astrophysics

MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and  substellar companions at 4-5 $\mu$m. II. Constraints on the mass and radius  of the enshrouded planet PDS 70 b