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We aim to study how the orbits of galaxies in clusters depend on theprominence of the corresponding central galaxies. We divided our data set of$\sim$ 100 clusters and groups into four samples based on their magnitude gapbetween the two brightest members, $\Delta m_{12}$. We then stacked all thesystems in each sample, in order to create four stacked clusters, and derivethe mass and velocity anisotropy profiles for the four groups of clusters usingthe MAMPOSSt procedure. Once the mass profile is known, we also obtain the (nonparametric) velocity anisotropy profile via the inversion of the Jeansequation. In systems with the largest $\Delta m_{12}$, galaxy orbits areprevalently radial, except near the centre, where orbits are isotropic (ortangential when also the central galaxies are considered in the analysis). Inthe other three samples with smaller $\Delta m_{12}$, galaxy orbits areisotropic or only mildly radial. Our study supports the results of numericalsimulations that identify radial orbits of galaxies as the cause of anincreasing $\Delta m_{12}$ in groups.

Fossil group origins. XI. The dependence of galaxy orbits on the magnitude gap