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We present a series of new, publicly available mock catalogs of X-rayselected active galactic nuclei (AGNs), non-active galaxies, and clusters ofgalaxies. They are based on up-to-date observational results on the demographicof extragalactic X-ray sources and their extrapolations.These mocks reachfluxes below 1E-20 erg s-1 cm-2 in the 0.5-2 keV band, i.e., more than an orderof magnitude below the predicted limits of future deep fields, and thereforerepresent an important tool for simulating extragalactic X-ray surveys withboth current and future telescopes. We use our mocks to perform a set ofend-to-end simulations of X-ray surveys with the forthcoming Athena mission andwith the AXIS probe, a sub-arcsecond resolution X-ray mission concept proposedto the Astro 2020 Decadal Survey. We find that these proposed, next generationsurveys may transform our knowledge of the deep X-ray Universe. As an example,in a total observing time of 15\,Ms, AXIS would detect ~225,000 AGNs and~$50,000 non-active galaxies, reaching a flux limit f_0.5-2~5E-19 erg/s/cm2 inthe 0.5-2 keV band, with an improvement of over an order of magnitude withrespect to surveys with current X-ray facilities. Consequently, 90% of thesesources would be detected for the first time in the X-rays. Furthermore, weshow that deep and wide X-ray surveys with instruments like AXIS and Athena areexpected to detect ~20,000 z>3 AGNs and ~250 sources at redshift z>6, thusopening a new window of knowledge on the evolution of AGNs over cosmic time andputting strong constraints on the predictions of theoretical models of blackhole seed accretion in the early universe.

Mock catalogs for the extragalactic X-ray sky: simulating AGN surveys with Athena and with the AXIS probe