English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Aims. Comparing theoretical models with observations allows one to make keystep forward towards an understanding of planetary systems. It however requiresa model able to (i) predict all the necessary observable quantities (not onlymasses and orbits, but also radii, luminosities, magnitudes, or evaporationrates) and (ii) address the large range in relevant planetary masses (from Marsmass to super-Jupiters) and distances (from stellar-grazing to wide orbits).Methods. We have developed a combined global end-to-end planetary formation andevolution model, the Generation III Bern model, based on the core accretionparadigm. This model solves as directly as possible the underlying differentialequations for the structure and evolution of the gas disc, the dynamical stateof the planetesimals, the internal structure of the planets yielding theirplanetesimal and gas accretion rates, disc-driven orbital migration, and thegravitational interaction of concurrently forming planets via a full N-bodycalculation. Importantly, the model also follows the long-term evolution of theplanets on Gigayear timescales after formation including the effects of coolingand contraction, atmospheric escape, bloating, and stellar tides. Results. Totest the model, we compared it with classical scenarios of Solar Systemformation. For the terrestrial planets, we find that we obtain a giant impactphase provided enough embryos (~100) are initially emplaced in the disc. Forthe giant planets, we find that Jupiter-mass planets must accrete their coreshortly before the dispersal of the gas disc to prevent strong inward migrationthat would bring them to the inner edge of the disc. Conclusions. The model canform planetary systems with a wide range of properties. We find that systemswith only terrestrial planets are often well-ordered while giant-planet bearingsystems show no such similarity.

astronomy and astrophysics

The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). I. Bern  global model of planet formation and evolution, model tests, and emerging  planetary systems