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The central regions of disc galaxies hold clues to the processes thatdominate their formation and evolution. The TIMER project has obtained highsignal-to-noise and spatial resolution integral-field spectroscopy data of theinner few kpc of 21 nearby massive barred galaxies, allowing studies of thestellar kinematics with unprecedented spatial resolution. We confirmtheoretical predictions of the effects of bars on stellar kinematics, andidentify box/peanuts through kinematic signatures in mildly and moderatelyinclined galaxies, finding a lower limit to the fraction of massive barredgalaxies with box/peanuts at ~62%. Further, we provide kinematic evidence ofthe connection between barlenses, box/peanuts and bars. We establish thepresence of nuclear discs in 19 galaxies and show that their kinematics arecharacterised by near-circular orbits with low pressure support, and areconsistent with the bar-driven secular evolution picture for their formation.In fact, we show that these nuclear discs have, in the region where theydominate, larger rotational support than the underlying main galaxy disc. Wedefine a kinematic radius for the nuclear discs and show that it relates to barradius, ellipticity and strength, and bar-to-total ratio. Comparing our resultswith photometric studies, we find that state-of-the-art galaxy imagedecompositions are able to discern nuclear discs from classical bulges, if theimages employed have enough physical spatial resolution. In fact, we show thatnuclear discs are typically identified in such image decompositions asphotometric bulges with (near-)exponential profiles. However, we find that thepresence of composite bulges (galaxies hosting both a classical bulge and anuclear disc) can often be unnoticed in studies based on photometry alone, andsuggest a more stringent threshold to the Sersic index to identify galaxieswith pure classical bulges.

Kinematic signatures of nuclear discs and bar-driven secular evolution in nearby galaxies of the MUSE TIMER project