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M105 (NGC 3379) is an early-type galaxy in the Leo I group. This group is thenearest group that contains all main galaxy types and can thus be used as abenchmark to study the properties of the intra-group light (IGL) in low-massgroups. We use PNe as discrete stellar tracers of the diffuse light aroundM105. PNe were identified on the basis of their bright [OIII]5007 AA emissionand the absence of a broad-band continuum. We compare the PN number densityprofile with the galaxy surface-brightness profile decomposed into metallicitycomponents using published HST photometry in two halo fields. We identify 226PNe candidates within a limiting magnitude of mlim = 28.1 from ourSubaru-SuprimeCam imaging, covering 67.6 kpc along the major axis of M105 andthe halos of NGC 3384 and NGC 3398. We find an excess of PNe at large radiicompared to the stellar surface brightness profile from broad-band surveys.This excess is related to a variation in the luminosity-specific PN number$\alpha$ with radius. The $\alpha$-parameter value of the extended halo is morethan 7 times higher than that of the inner halo. We also measure an increase inthe slope of the PN luminosity function at fainter magnitudes with radius. Weinfer that the radial variation of the PN population properties is due to adiffuse population of metal-poor stars ([M/H] < -1.0) following an exponentialprofile, in addition to the M105 halo. The spatial coincidence between thenumber density profile of these metal-poor stars and the increase in the$\alpha$-parameter value with radius establishes the missing link betweenmetallicity and the post-AGB phases of stellar evolution. We estimate that thetotal bolometric luminosity associated with the exponential IGL population is2.04x10^9 Lsun as a lower limit, corresponding to an IGL fraction of 3.8%. Thiswork sets the stage for kinematic studies of the IGL in low-mass groups.

astronomy and astrophysics

The halo of M105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula  populations: I. Wide-field photometric survey of planetary nebulae in the Leo  I group