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WL measurements have well-known shear estimation biases, which can bepartially corrected for with the use of image simulations. We present ananalysis of simulated images that mimic HST/ACS observations of high-redshiftgalaxy clusters, including cluster specific issues such as non-weak shear andincreased blending. Our synthetic galaxies have been generated to match theobserved properties of the background-selected samples in the real images.First, we used simulations with galaxies on a grid to determine a revisedsignal-to-noise-dependent correction for multiplicative shear measurement bias,and to quantify the sensitivity of our bias calibration to mismatches of galaxyor PSF properties between the real data and the simulations. We studied theimpact of increased blending and light contamination from cluster andforeground galaxies, finding it negligible for $z>0.7$ clusters, whereas thereis an effect at the $\sim 1\%$ level for lower redshift clusters. Finally, westudied the impact of fainter neighbours and selection bias mimicking thepositions and magnitudes of galaxies in CANDELS data. The initial SExtractorobject detection causes a selection bias of $-0.028 \pm 0.002$, reduced to$-0.016 \pm 0.002$ by further cuts. We compared our CANDELS-based estimate to agrid-based analysis, with added clustered galaxies reaching even faintermagnitudes, yielding a refined estimate of $\sim -0.013$. Our pipeline iscalibrated to an accuracy of $\sim 0.015$, which is fully sufficient forcurrent and near-future weak lensing studies of high-redshift clusters. As anapplication, we used it for a refined analysis of three highly relaxed clustersfrom the SPT-SZ survey, including measurements down to $r>200$ kpc. Compared topreviously employed scales, this tightens the cluster mass constraints by afactor 1.38 on average.

astronomy and astrophysics

Constraining the masses of high-redshift clusters with weak lensing:  Revised shape calibration testing for the impact of stronger shears and  increased blending