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Recent high-contrast imaging surveys, looking for planets in young, nearbysystems showed evidence of a small number of giant planets at relatively largeseparation beyond typically 20 au where those surveys are the most sensitive.Access to smaller physical separations between 5 and 20 au is the next step forfuture planet imagers on 10 m telescopes and ELTs in order to bridge the gapwith indirect techniques (radial velocity, transit, astrometry with Gaia). Inthat context, we recently proposed a new algorithm, Keplerian-Stacker,combining multiple observations acquired at different epochs and taking intoaccount the orbital motion of a potential planet present in the images to boostthe ultimate detection limit. We showed that this algorithm is able to findplanets in time series of simulated images of SPHERE even when a planet remainsundetected at one epoch. Here, we validate the K-Stacker algorithm performanceson real SPHERE datasets, to demonstrate its resilience to instrumental specklesand the gain offered in terms of true detection. This will motivate futurededicated multi-epoch observation campaigns in high-contrast imaging to searchfor planets in emitted and reflected light. Results. We show that K-Stackerachieves high success rate when the SNR of the planet in the stacked imagereaches 7. The improvement of the SNR ratio goes as the square root of thetotal exposure time. During the blind test and the redetection of HD 95086 b,and betaPic b, we highlight the ability of K-Stacker to find orbital solutionsconsistent with the ones derived by the state of the art MCMC orbital fittingtechniques, confirming that in addition to the detection gain, K-Stacker offersthe opportunity to characterize the most probable orbital solutions of theexoplanets recovered at low signal to noise.

astronomy and astrophysics

K-Stacker, an algorithm to hack the orbital parameters of planets hidden  in high-contrast imaging. First applications to VLT SPHERE multi-epoch  observations