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Interstellar lines observed toward stellar targets change slowly over longtimescales, mainly due to the proper motion of the background target relativeto the intervening clouds. On longer timescales, the cloud's slowly changingphysical and chemical conditions can also cause variation. We searched forsystematic variations in the absorption profiles of the diffuse interstellarbands (DIBs) and interstellar atomic and molecular lines by comparing thehigh-quality data set from the ESO diffuse interstellar bands extensiveexploration survey (EDIBLES) to older archival observations, bridging typicaltimescales of 10 years with a maximum timescale of 22 years. We found goodarchival observations for 64 EDIBLES targets. Our analysis focused on 31 DIBs,7 atomic, and 5 molecular lines. We considered various systematic effects andapplied a robust Bayesian test to establish which absorption features coulddisplay significant variations. While systematic effects greatly complicate oursearch, we find evidence for variations in the profiles of the$\lambda\lambda$4727 and 5780 DIBs in a few sightlines. Toward HD~167264, wefind a new \ion{Ca}{i} cloud component that appears and becomes stronger after2008. The same sightline furthermore displays marginal but systematic changesin the column densities of the atomic lines originating from the leading cloudcomponent in the sightline. Similar variations are seen toward HD~147933. Ourhigh-quality spectroscopic observations and archival data show that it ispossible to probe interstellar time variations on time scales of typically adecade. Even though systematic uncertainties, as well as the generally somewhatlower quality of older data, complicate matters, we can conclude that timevariations can be made visible, both in atomic lines and DIB profiles for a fewtargets, but that generally, these features are stable along many lines ofsight.

The EDIBLES survey VI. Searching for time variations of interstellar absorption features