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We present X-ray spectra of 185 bright sources detected in the XMM-Newtondeep survey of the Chandra Deep Field South, combining the three EPIC cameras.The 2-10 keV flux limit of the sample is 2e-15 erg/s/cm2. The sources aredistributed over a redshift range of z=0.1-3.8. Eleven new X-ray redshiftmeasurements are included. A spectral analysis was performed using a simplemodel to obtain absorbing column densities, rest-frame 2-10 keV luminositiesand Fe K line properties of 180 sources at z>0.4. Obscured AGN are found to bemore abundant toward higher redshifts. Using the XMM-Newton data alone, sevenCompton-thick AGN candidates are identified, which makes the Compton-thick AGNfraction to be ~4%. An exploratory spectral inspection method with tworest-frame X-ray colours and an Fe line strength indicator is introduced andtested against the results from spectral fitting. This method works reasonablywell to characterise a spectral shape and can be useful for a pre-selection ofCompton-thick AGN candidates. We found six objects exhibiting broad Fe K linesout of 21 unobscured AGN of best data quality, implying a detection rate of~30%. Five redshift spikes, each of which has more than six sources, areidentified in the redshift distribution of the X-ray sources. Contrary to theoverall trend, the sources at the two higher-redshift spikes at z=1.61 andz=2.57 have puzzlingly low obscuration.

The XMM deep survey in the CDFS XI. X-ray properties of 185 bright sources