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Context. Low-mass protostars drive powerful molecular outflows that can beobserved with mm and sub-mm telescopes. Various sulfuretted species are knownto be bright in shocks and could be used to infer the physical and chemicalconditions throughout the observed outflows. Aims. The evolution of sulfurchemistry is studied along the outflows driven by the NGC1333-IRAS4Aprotobinary system located in the Perseus cloud to constrain the physical andchemical processes at work in shocks. Methods. We observed various transitionsfrom OCS, CS, SO, and SO$_2$ towards NGC1333-IRAS4A in the 1.3, 2, and 3mmbands using the IRAM NOEMA array and we interpreted the observations throughthe use of the Paris-Durham shock model. Results. The targeted species clearlyshow different spatial emission along the two outflows driven by IRAS4A. OCS isbrighter on small and large scales along the south outflow driven by IRAS4A1,whereas SO$_2$ is detected rather along the outflow driven by IRAS4A2 that isextended along the north east - south west (NE-SW) direction. Column densityratio maps estimated from a rotational diagram analysis allowed us to confirm aclear gradient of the OCS/SO$_2$ column density ratio between the IRAS4A1 andIRAS4A2 outflows. SO is detected at extremely high radial velocity up to 25km/s relative to the source velocity, clearly allowing us to distinguish thetwo outflows on small scales. Conclusions. The observed chemicaldifferentiation between the two outflows of the IRAS4A system could beexplained by a different chemical history. The outflow driven by IRAS4A1 islikely younger and more enriched in species initially formed in interstellarices, such as OCS, and recently sputtered into the shock gas. In contrast, thelonger and likely older outflow triggered by IRAS4A2 is more enriched inspecies that have a gas phase origin, such as SO$_2$.

astronomy and astrophysics

Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). VI. Chemical evolution of sulfuretted  species along the outflows driven by the low-mass protostellar binary  NGC1333-IRAS4A