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Context. GJ 1148 is an M-dwarf star hosting a planetary system composed oftwo Saturn-mass planets in eccentric orbits with periods of 41.38 and 532.02days. Aims. We reanalyze the orbital configuration and dynamics of the GJ 1148multi-planetary system based on new precise radial velocity (RV) measurementstaken with CARMENES. Methods. We combined new and archival precise Dopplermeasurements from CARMENES with those available from HIRES for GJ 1148 andmodeled these data with a self-consistent dynamical model. We studied theorbital dynamics of the system using the secular theory and direct N-bodyintegrations. The prospects of potentially habitable moons around GJ 1148 bwere examined. Results. The refined dynamical analyses show that the GJ 1148system is long-term stable in a large phase-space of orbital parameters with anorbital configuration suggesting apsidal alignment, but not in any particularhigh-order mean-motion resonant commensurability. GJ 1148 b orbits inside theoptimistic habitable zone (HZ). We find only a narrow stability region aroundthe planet where exomoons can exist. However, in this stable region exomoonsexhibit quick orbital decay due to tidal interaction with the planet.Conclusions. The GJ 1148 planetary system is a very rare M-dwarf planetarysystem consisting of a pair of gas giants, the inner of which resides in theHZ. We conclude that habitable exomoons around GJ 1148 b are very unlikely toexist.

astronomy and astrophysics

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Dynamical  characterization of the multiple planet system GJ 1148 and prospects of  habitable exomoons around GJ 1148 b