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The Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator (AtRIS) was used to model thealtitude-dependent Venusian absorbed dose and the Venusian dose equivalent. Forthe first time, we modeled the dose rates for different shape-, size-, andcomposition-mimicking detectors (phantoms): a CO$_2$-based phantom, awater-based microbial cell, and a phantom mimicking human tissue. Based on anew model approach, we give a reliable estimate of the altitude-dependentVenusian radiation dose in water-based microorganisms here for the first time.These microorganisms are representative of known terrestrial life. We alsopresent a detailed analysis of the influence of the strongest ground-levelenhancements measured at the Earth's surface, and of the impact of two historicextreme solar events on the Venusian radiation dose. Our study shows thatbecause a phantom based on Venusian air was used, and because furthermore, thequality factors of different radiation types were not taken into account,previous model efforts have underestimated the radiation hazard for anyputative Venusian cloud-based life by up to a factor of five. However, becausewe furthermore show that even the strongest events would not have had ahazardous effect on putative microorganisms within the potentially habitablezone (51 km - 62 km), these differences may play only a minor role.

Revisiting the cosmic-ray induced Venusian radiation dose in the context of habitability