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The phenomenology of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) on galaxy scales maypoint to more fundamental theories of either modified gravity (MG) or modifiedinertia (MI). In this paper, we test the applicability of the global deep-MONDparameter $Q$ which is predicted to vary at the $10\%$ level between MG and MItheories. Using mock-observed analytical models of disk galaxies, weinvestigate several observational uncertainties, establish a set of qualityrequirements for actual galaxies, and derive systematic corrections in thedetermination of $Q$. Implementing our quality requirements to the SPARCdatabase yields $15$ galaxies, which are close enough to the deep-MOND regimeas well as having rotation curves that are sufficiently extended and sampled.For these galaxies, the average and median values of $Q$ seem to favor MGtheories, albeit both MG and MI predictions are in agreement with the datawithin $1.5\sigma$. Improved precision in the determination of $Q$ can beobtained by measuring extended and finely-sampled rotation curves for asignificant sample of extremely low-surface-brightness galaxies.

A first attempt to differentiate between modified gravity and modified inertia with galaxy rotation curves