English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

An extremely powerful, superfast interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) from the Sun on 23 July 2012 was detected by widely separated multiple spacecraft, namely STEREO-A, STEREO-B, and ACE, together with the ICME-driven shock and associated solar energetic particles (SEPs). We use the Parker spiral magnetic field model to analyze the relationship between the propagation of the shock and the SEP flux. Furthermore, we simulate the SEP event by numerically solving the three-dimensional focused transport equation of SEPs considering the shock as the moving source of energetic particles. To deal with the fact that protons and electrons behave completely differently for both parallel and perpendicular diffusion, for simplicity, we use the same diffusion model format for the simulations of protons and electrons but with different parameters. We find that the analysis can qualitatively explain the important features of the SEP flux observed by the multiple spacecraft simultaneously. In addition, the numerical results for both energetic protons and electrons approximately agree with multi-spacecraft observations.

Numerical simulation and data analysis of the 23 July 2012 SEP event observed by ACE, STEREO-A, and STEREO-B