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Single-binary scattering may lead to an exchange where the single objectcaptures a component of the binary, forming a new binary. This has been wellstudied in encounters between a star--planet pair and a single star. Here weexplore the application of the exchange mechanism to a planet--satellite pairand another planet in the gravitational potential of a central star. As a casestudy, we focus on encounters between a satellite-bearing object and Neptune.We investigate whether Neptune can capture satellites from that object and ifthe captured satellites have orbits analogous to the Neptunian moons Triton andNereid. Using $N$-body simulations, we study the capture probability atdifferent encounter distances. Post-capture, we use a simple analyticalargument to estimate how the captured orbits evolve under collisional and tidaleffects. We find that the average capture probability reaches $\sim$$10\%$ ifNeptune penetrates the donor planet's satellite system. Most moons grabbed byNeptune acquire highly eccentric orbits. Post-capture, around half of thosecaptured, especially those on tight orbits, can be circularised, either bytides only or by collisions+tides, turning into Triton-like objects. Capturesfurther out, on the other hand, stay on wide and eccentric orbits like that ofNereid. Both moon types can be captured in the same encounter and they havewide distributions in orbital inclination. Therefore, Triton naturally has a$\sim$50\% chance of being retrograde. A similar process potentially applies toan exoplanetary system, and our model predicts that exomoons can jump from oneplanet to another during planetary scattering. Specifically, there should betwo distinct populations of captured moons: one on close-in circular orbits andthe other on far-out eccentric orbits. The two populations may have highlyinclined prograde or retrograde orbits.

Capture of satellites during planetary encounters A case study of the Neptunian moons Triton and Nereid