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We characterize, for the first time, type-II spicules in Ca  II  K 3934 Å using the CHROMIS instrument at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. We find that their line formation is dominated by opacity shifts with the K 3  minimum best representing the velocity of the spicules. The K 2  features are either suppressed by the Doppler-shifted K 3  or enhanced via increased contribution from the lower layers, leading to strongly enhanced but unshifted K 2  peaks, with widening towards the line core as consistent with upper-layer opacity removal via Doppler-shift. We identify spicule spectra in concurrent IRIS Mg  II  k 2796Å observations with very similar properties. Using our interpretation of spicule chromospheric line formation, we produce synthetic profiles that match observations.

Characterization and formation of on-disk spicules in the Ca II K and Mg II k spectral lines