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Current theories and models attempt to explain star formation globally, fromcore scales to giant molecular cloud scales. A multi-scale observationalcharacterisation of an entire molecular complex is necessary to constrain them.We investigate star formation in G202.3+2.5, a ~10x3 pc sub-region of theMonoceros OB1 cloud with a complex morphology harbouring interconnectedfilamentary structures. We aim to connect the evolution of cores and filamentsin G202.3+2.5 with the global evolution of the cloud and to identify theengines of the cloud dynamics. In this first paper, the star formation activityis evaluated by surveying the distributions of dense cores and protostars, andtheir evolutionary state, as characterised using both infrared observationsfrom the Herschel and WISE telescopes and molecular line observations with theIRAM 30-m telescope. We find ongoing star formation in the whole cloud, with alocal peak in star formation activity around the centre of G202.3+2.5 where achain of massive cores (10-50 Msun) forms a massive ridge (>150 Msun). Allevolutionary stages from starless cores to Class II protostars are found inG202.3+2.5, including a possibly starless, large column density (8x10^{22}cm-2), and massive (52 Msun) core. All the core-scale observables examined inthis paper point to an enhanced star formation activity centred on the junctionbetween the three main branches of the ramified structure of G202.3+2.5. Thissuggests that the increased star-formation activity results from theconvergence of these branches. To further investigate the origin of thisenhancement, it is now necessary to extend the analysis to larger scales, inorder to examine the relationship between cores, filaments and theirenvironment. We address these points through the analysis of the dynamics ofG202.3+2.5 in a joint paper.

Multi-scale analysis of the Monoceros OB 1 star-forming region: I. The dense core population