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Transitional pulsars provide us with a unique laboratory to study the physicsof accretion onto a magnetic neutron star. PSR J1023+0038 (J1023) is the beststudied of this class. We investigate the X-ray spectral properties of J1023 inthe framework of a working radio pulsar during the active state. We modelledthe X-ray spectra in three modes (low, high, and flare) as well as inquiescence, to constrain the emission mechanism and source parameters. Theemission model, formed by an assumed pulsar emission (thermal andmagnetospheric) plus a shock component, can account for the data only adding ahot dense absorber covering ~30% of the emitting source in high mode. Thecovering fraction is similar in flaring mode, thus excluding total enshrouding,and decreases in the low mode despite large uncertainties. This providessupport to the recently advanced idea of a mini-pulsar wind nebula (PWN), whereX-ray and optical pulsations arise via synchrotron shock emission in a veryclose (~100 km, comparable to a light cylinder), PWN-like region that isassociated with this hot absorber. In low mode, this region may expand,pulsations become undetectable, and the covering fraction decreases.

Probing X-ray emission in different modes of PSR J1023+0038 with a radio pulsar scenario