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Aims. We seek is to identify old and massive galaxies at 0.5<z<2.1 on thebasis of the magnesium index MgUV and then study their physical properties. Wecomputed the MgUV index based on the best spectral fitting template of$\sim$3700 galaxies using data from the VLT VIMOS Deep Survey (VVDS) and VIMOSUltra Deep Survey (VUDS) galaxy redshift surveys. Based on galaxies with thelargest signal to noise and the best fit spectra we selected 103 objects withthe highest spectral MgUV signature. We performed an independent fit of thephotometric data of these galaxies and computed their stellar masses, starformation rates, extinction by dust and age, and we related these quantities tothe MgUV index. We find that the MgUV index is a suitable tracer of early-typegalaxies at an advanced stage of evolution. Selecting galaxies with the highestMgUV index allows us to choose the most massive, passive, and oldest galaxiesat any epoch. The formation epoch t_f computed from the fitted age as afunction of the total mass in stars supports the downsizing formation paradigmin which galaxies with the highest mass formed most of their stars at anearlier epoch.

The most massive, passive, and oldest galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.1: Downsizing signature from galaxies selected from MgUV index