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Context. In the near- to mid-infrared wavelength domain, bright continuumsources in the central parsec of the Galactic center (GC) are subject toforeground absorption. These sources therefore represent ideal probes of theintervening material that is responsible for the absorption along the line ofsight. Aims. Our aim is to shed light on the location and physics of theabsorbing clouds. We try to find out which of the gaseous absorbing materialsis intimately associated with the GC and which one is associated with clouds ata much larger distance. Methods. We used the capabilities of CRIRESspectrograph located at ESO Very Large Telescope in Chile to obtain absorptionspectra of individual lines at a high spectral resolution of R=65000, that is,5 km/s. We observed the 12CO R(0), P(1), P(2), P(3), P(4), P(5), P(6), P(7) andP(9) transition lines, applied standard data reduction, and compared theresults with literature data. Results. We present the results of CRIRESobservations of 13 infrared sources located in the central parsec of theGalaxy. The data provide direct evidence for a complex structure of theinterstellar medium along the line of sight and in the close environment of thecentral sources. In particular we find four cold foreground clouds at radialvelocities vLS R of the order of -145,-85, -60, and -40+-15 km/s that showabsorption in the lower transition lines from R(0) to P(2) and in all theobserved spectra.We also find in all sources an absorption in velocity range of50-60 km/s, possibly associated with the so-called 50 km/s cloud and suggestingan extension of this cloud in front of the GC. Finally, we detect individualabsorption lines that are probably associated with material much closer to thecenter and with the sources themselves, suggesting the presence of cold gas inthe local region.

High-spectral resolution M-band observations of CO Rot-Vib absorption lines towards the Galactic center