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Calcium-Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs), the oldest known solids of the solarsystem, show evidence for the past presence of short-lived radionuclideberyllium-10, which was likely produced by spallation during protosolar flares.While such $^{10}$Be production has hitherto been modeled at the inner edge ofthe protoplanetary disk, I calculate here that spallation at the disk surfacemay reproduce the measured $^{10}$Be/$^9$Be ratios at larger heliocentricdistances. Beryllium-10 production in the gas prior to CAI formation woulddominate that in the solid. Interestingly, provided the Sun's proton to X-rayoutput ratio does not decrease strongly, $^{10}$Be/$^9$Be at the CAIcondensation front would increase with time, explaining the reduced values in a(presumably early) generation of CAIs with nucleosynthetic anomalies. CAIs thusneed not have formed very close to the Sun and may have condensed at 0.1-1 AUwhere sufficiently high temperatures originally prevailed.

On beryllium-10 production in gaseous protoplanetary disks and implications on the astrophysical setting of refractory inclusions