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The diffuse and translucent molecular clouds traced in absorption along theline of sight to strong background sources have so far been investigated mainlyin the spectral domain because of limited angular resolution or small sizes ofthe background sources. We aim to resolve and investigate the spatial structureof molecular clouds traced by several molecules detected in absorption alongthe line of sight to SgrB2(N). We have used spectral line data from the EMoCAsurvey performed with ALMA, taking advantage of the high sensitivity andangular resolution. We identify, on the basis of the spectral analysis ofc-C3H2 across the field of view, 15 main velocity components along the line ofsight to SgrB2(N) and several components in the envelope of SgrB2. The c-C3H2column densities reveal two categories of clouds. Clouds in Category I (3 kpcarm, 4 kpc arm, and some GC clouds) have smaller c-C3H2 column densities,smaller linewidths, and smaller widths of their column density PDFs than cloudsin Category II (Scutum arm, Sgr arm, and other GC clouds). To investigate thespatial structure we derive opacity maps for the following molecules: c-C3H2,H13CO+, 13CO, HNC, HN13C, HC15N, CS, C34S, 13CS, SiO, SO, and CH3OH. These mapsreveal that most molecules trace relatively homogeneous structures that aremore extended than the field of view defined by the background continuumemission (about 15", that is 0.08-0.6pc depending on the distance). SO and SiOshow more complex structures with smaller clumps of size ~5-8". Our analysissuggests that the driving of the turbulence is mainly solenoidal in theinvestigated clouds. On the basis of HCO+, we conclude that most line-of-sightclouds towards SgrB2 are translucent, including all clouds where complexorganic molecules were recently detected. We also conclude that CCH and CH aregood probes of H2 in both diffuse and translucent clouds.

Small-scale physical and chemical structure of diffuse and translucent molecular clouds along the line of sight to Sgr B2