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We present IRAM-30m Telescope $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO observations of asample of 55 luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) inthe local universe. This sample is a subset of the Great Observatory All-SkyLIRG Survey (GOALS), for which we use ancillary multi-wavelength data to betterunderstand their interstellar medium and star formation properties. Fifty-three(96%) of the galaxies are detected in $^{12}$CO, and 29 (52%) are also detectedin $^{13}$CO above a 3$\sigma$ level. The median full width at zero intensity(FWZI) velocity of the CO line emission is 661km s$^{-1}$, and $\sim$54% of thegalaxies show a multi-peak CO profile. Herschel photometric data is used toconstruct the far-IR spectral energy distribution of each galaxy, which are fitwith a modified blackbody model that allows us to derive dust temperatures andmasses, and infrared luminosities. We make the assumption that the gas-to-dustmass ratio of (U)LIRGs is comparable to local spiral galaxies with a similarstellar mass (i.e., gas/dust of mergers is comparable to their progenitors) toderive a CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor of$\langle\alpha\rangle=1.8^{+1.3}_{-0.8}M_\odot$(K km s$^{-1}$pc$^{2}$)$^{-1}$;such a value is comparable to that derived for (U)LIRGs based on dynamical massarguments. We derive gas depletion times of $400-600$Myr for the (U)LIRGs,compared to the 1.3Gyr for local spiral galaxies. Finally, we re-examine therelationship between the $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO ratio and dust temperature,confirming a transition to elevated ratios in warmer systems.

Molecular gas and dust properties of galaxies from the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey