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In this paper, we study the estimation of the effective number ofrelativistic species from a combination of CMB and BAO data. We vary differentingredients of the analysis: the Planck high-$\ell$ likelihoods, the Boltzmannsolvers, and the statistical approaches. The variation of the inferred valuesgives an indication of an additional systematic uncertainty, which is of thesame order of magnitude as the error derived from each individual likelihood.We show that this systematic is essentially associated to the assumptions madein the high-$\ell$ likelihoods implementations, in particular for theforeground residuals modellings. We also compare a subset of likelihoods usingonly the TE power spectra, expected to be less sensitive to foregroundresiduals.

Comparison of results on $N_\mathrm{eff}$ from various Planck likelihoods