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Imprints of galaxy cluster formation processes are visible in theintracluster medium and can arise in shock fronts, which are detectable viadiscontinuities in e.g. the gas temperature and density profiles. In thisstudy, we investigate the X-ray properties of the intracluster gas and theradio morphology of the extraordinary cluster A2163. This cluster shows anirregular morphology in various wavelengths and has one of the most luminousand extended known radio halos. Additionally, it is one of the hottest clustersknown. We analyze two Suzaku observations of A2163, one in the north-east (NE)and one in the south-west (SW) direction, and use archival XMM-Newton data toremove point sources in the field of view. To compare our findings in the X-rayregime with the radio emission, we obtain radio images of the cluster from anarchival VLA observation at 20cm. We identify three shock fronts in A2163 inour spectral X-ray study. A clear shock front lies in the NE direction at adistance of 1.4Mpc from the center, with a Mach number of$M=1.7_{-0.2}^{+0.3}$, estimated from the temperature discontinuity. This shockcoincides with the position of a known radio relic. We identify two additionalshocks in the SW direction, one with $M=1.5_{-0.3}^{+0.5}$ at a distance of0.7Mpc, which is likely related to a cool core remnant, and a strong shock with$M=3.2_{-0.7}^{+0.6}$ at a distance of 1.3Mpc, which also closely matches theradio contours. The complex structure of A2163 as well as the different Machnumbers and shock velocities suggest a merging scenario with two unequalmerging constituents, where two shock fronts emerged in an early stage of themerger and traveled outwards while an additional shock front developed in frontof the merging cluster cores.

Discovery of large scale shock fronts correlated with the radio halo and radio relic in the A2163 galaxy cluster