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We study the abundance of star-forming and quiescent galaxies in a sample of21 massive clusters at 0.5<z<0.7, detected with the Planck satellite. Wemeasure the cluster galaxy stellar mass function (SMF), which is a fundamentalobservable to study and constrain the formation and evolution of galaxies. Ourmeasurements are based on homogeneous and deep multi-band photometry spanningu- to the Ks-band for each cluster and are supported by spectroscopic data fromdifferent programs. The galaxy population is separated between quiescent andstar-forming galaxies based on their rest-frame U-V and V-J colours. The SMF iscompared to that of field galaxies at the same redshifts, using data from theCOSMOS/UltraVISTA survey. We find that the shape of the SMF of star-forminggalaxies does not depend on environment, while the SMF of quiescent galaxieshas a significantly steeper low-mass slope in the clusters compared to thefield. We estimate the environmental quenching efficiency (f_EQ), i.e. theprobability for a galaxy that would normally be star forming in the field, tobe quenched due to its environment. The f_EQ shows no stellar-mass dependencein any environment, but it increases from 40% in the cluster outskirts to ~90%in the cluster centres. The radial signature of f_EQ provides constraints onwhere the dominant quenching mechanism operates in these clusters and on whattimescale. Exploring these using a simple model based on galaxy orbits obtainedfrom an N-body simulation, we find a clear degeneracy between both parameters.For example, the quenching process may either be triggered on a long (~3 Gyr)time scale at large radii (r~8R_500), or happen well within 1 Gyr at r<R_500.The radius where quenching is triggered is at least r_quench> 0.67R_500(95%CL). The ICM density at this location suggests that ram-pressure strippingof the cold gas is a likely cause of quenching. [Abridged]

astronomy and astrophysics

The stellar mass function of galaxies in Planck-selected clusters at 0.5  < z < 0.7: new constraints on the timescale and location of satellite  quenching