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We present a multi-wavelength study of comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS). Thiscomet was observed on 23-24 January 2018 with the IRAM 30m telescope, and inJanuary to March 2018 with the Nan\c{c}ay radio telescope. Visible spectroscopywas performed in December 2017 and February 2018 with small amateur telescopes.We report on measurements of CO, CH3OH, H2CO and HCN production rates, and onthe determination of the N2/CO abundance ratio. Several other species,especially OH, were searched for but not detected. The inferred relativeabundances, including upper limits for sulfur species, are compared to thosemeasured in other comets at about the same heliocentric distance of about 2.8AU. The coma composition of comet C/2016 R2 is very different from all othercomets observed so far, being rich in N2 and CO and dust poor. This suggeststhat this comet might belong to a very rare group of comets formed beyond theN2 ice line. Alternatively, comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS) could be the fragmentof a large and differentiated transneptunian object, with propertiescharacteristic of volatile-enriched layers.

The extraordinary composition of the "blue comet" C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS)