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Despite their activity, low-mass stars are of particular importance for thesearch of exoplanets by the means of Doppler spectroscopy, as planets withlower masses become detectable. We report on the discovery of a planetarycompanion around HD 180617, a bright J = 5.58 mag, low-mass M = 0.45 M_{sun}star of spectral type M2.5 V. The star, located at a distance of 5.9 pc, is theprimary of the high proper motion binary system containing vB 10, a star withone of the lowest masses known in most of the twentieth century. Our analysisis based on new radial velocity (RV) measurements made at red-opticalwavelengths provided by the high-precision spectrograph CARMENES, which wasdesigned to carry out a survey for Earth-like planets around M dwarfs. Theavailable CARMENES data are augmented by archival Doppler measurements fromHIRES and HARPS. Altogether, the RVs span more than 16 years. The modeling ofthe RV variations, with a semi-amplitude of K = 2.85-0.25/+0.16m/s yields aNeptune-like planet with a minimum mass of 12.2-1.4/+1.0 M_{Earth} on a105.90-0.10/+0.09d circumprimary orbit, which is partly located in the hoststar's habitable zone. The analysis of time series of common activityindicators does not show any dependence on the detected RV signal. Thediscovery of HD 180617 b not only adds information to a currently hardly filledregion of the mass-period diagram of exoplanets around M dwarfs, but theinvestigated system becomes the third known binary consisting of M dwarfs andhosting an exoplanet in an S-type configuration. Its proximity makes it anattractive candidate for future studies.

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A Neptune-mass planet traversing the habitable zone around HD 180617