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Changes in solar irradiance and in its spectral distribution are among themain natural drivers of the climate on Earth. However, irradiance measurementsare only available for less than four decades, while assessment of solarinfluence on Earth requires much longer records. The aim of this work is toprovide the most up-to-date physics-based reconstruction of the solar total andspectral irradiance (TSI/SSI) over the last nine millennia. The concentrationsof the cosmogenic isotopes 14C and 10Be in natural archives have been convertedto decadally averaged sunspot numbers through a chain of physics-based models.TSI and SSI are reconstructed with an updated SATIRE model. Reconstructions arecarried out for each isotope record separately, as well as for their composite.We present the first ever SSI reconstruction over the last 9000 years from theindividual 14C and 10Be records as well as from their newest composite. Thereconstruction employs physics-based models to describe the involved processesat each step of the procedure. Irradiance reconstructions based on twodifferent cosmogenic isotope records, those of 14C and 10Be, agree well witheach other in their long-term trends despite their different geochemical pathsin the atmosphere of Earth. Over the last 9000 years, the reconstructed secularvariability in TSI is of the order of 0.11%, or 1.5 W/m2. After the Maunderminimum, the reconstruction from the cosmogenic isotopes is consistent withthat from the direct sunspot number observation. Furthermore, over thenineteenth century, the agreement of irradiance reconstructions using isotoperecords with the reconstruction from the sunspot number by Chatzistergos et al.(2017) is better than that with the reconstruction from the WDC-SILSO series(Clette et al. 2014), with a lower chi-square-value.

Solar total and spectral irradiance reconstruction over the last 9000 years