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The first 1000 km of the ion tail of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko wereexplored by the European Rosetta spacecraft, 2.7 au away from the Sun. Wecharacterised the dynamics of both the solar wind and the cometary ions on thenight-side of the comet's atmosphere. We analysed in situ ion and magneticfield measurements and compared the data to a semi-analytical model. Thecometary ions are observed flowing close to radially away from the nucleusduring the entire excursion. The solar wind is deflected by its interactionwith the new-born cometary ions. Two concentric regions appear, an inner regiondominated by the expanding cometary ions and an outer region dominated by thesolar wind particles. The single night-side excursion operated by Rosettarevealed that the near radial flow of the cometary ions can be explained by thecombined action of three different electric field components, resulting fromthe ion motion, the electron pressure gradients, and the magnetic fielddraping. The observed solar wind deflection is governed mostly by the motionalelectric field.

The root of a comet tail - Rosetta ion observations at comet 67P/Churyumov--Gerasimenko