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In the hierarchical two-phase formation scenario, the extended halos of earlytype galaxies (ETGs) are expected to have different physical properties fromthose of the galaxies' central regions. This work aims at characterizing thekinematic properties of ETG halos using planetary nebulae (PNe) as tracers,which allow us to overcome the limitations of absorption line spectroscopy ofcontinuum at low surface brightness. We present two-dimensional velocity andvelocity dispersion fields for 33 ETGs, including both fast (FRs) and slowrotators (SRs), making this the largest kinematic survey to-date ofextragalactic PNe. The velocity fields extend out to a median 5.6 effectiveradii (Re), with a range [3Re-13Re] for the PN.S ETGs. We complemented the PNkinematics with absorption line data from the literature. We find that ETGstypically show a kinematic transition between inner regions and halo. Estimatedtransition radii in units of Re anticorrelate with stellar mass. SRs haveincreased but still modest rotational support at large radii, while most of theFRs show a decrease in rotation, due to the fading of the stellar disk in theouter, more slowly rotating spheroid. 30% of the FRs are dominated by rotationalso at large radii. Most ETGs have flat or slightly falling halo velocitydispersion profiles, but 15% of the sample have steeply falling profiles. 40%of the FRs show kinematic twists, misalignments, or rotation along two axes,indicating that they turn from oblate at the center to triaxial in the halo,consistently with the distribution of isophote twists from extended photometry.ETGs have more diverse kinematic properties in their halos than in the centralregions. The observed kinematic transition to the halo and its dependence onstellar mass is consistent with LambdaCDM simulations and supports a two-phaseformation scenario. [abridged]

astronomy and astrophysics

The extended Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (ePN.S) early-type galaxy  survey. The kinematic diversity of stellar halos and the relation between  halo transition scale and stellar mass