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The Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) is ablind narrow-band Halpha+[NII] imaging survey carried out with MegaCam at theCanada-France-Hawaii Telescope. The survey covers the whole Virgo clusterregion from its core to one virial radius (104 deg^2). The sensitivity of thesurvey is of f(Halpha) ~ 4 x 10^-17 erg sec-1 cm^-2 (5 sigma detection limit)for point sources and Sigma (Halpha) ~ 2 x 10^-18 erg sec^-1 cm^-2 arcsec^-2 (1sigma detection limit at 3 arcsec resolution) for extended sources, makingVESTIGE the deepest and largest blind narrow-band survey of a nearby cluster.This paper presents the survey in all its technical aspects, including thesurvey design, the observing strategy, the achieved sensitivity in both thenarrow-band Halpha+[NII] and in the broad-band r filter used for the stellarcontinuum subtraction, the data reduction, calibration, and products, as wellas its status after the first observing semester. We briefly describe theHalpha properties of galaxies located in a 4x1 deg^2 strip in the core of thecluster north of M87, where several extended tails of ionised gas are detected.This paper also lists the main scientific motivations of VESTIGE, which includethe study of the effects of the environment on galaxy evolution, the fate ofthe stripped gas in cluster objects, the star formation process in nearbygalaxies of different type and stellar mass, the determination of the Halphaluminosity function and of the Halpha scaling relations down to ~ 10^6 Mostellar mass objects, and the reconstruction of the dynamical structure of theVirgo cluster. This unique set of data will also be used to study the HIIluminosity function in hundreds of galaxies, the diffuse Halpha+[NII] emissionof the Milky Way at high Galactic latitude, and the properties of emission linegalaxies at high redshift.

A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).I. Introduction to the Survey