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In the last decade, astronomers have found a new type of supernova called`superluminous supernovae' (SLSNe) due to their high peak luminosity and longlight-curves. These hydrogen-free explosions (SLSNe-I) can be seen to z~4 andtherefore, offer the possibility of probing the distant Universe. We aim toinvestigate the possibility of detecting SLSNe-I using ESA's Euclid satellite,scheduled for launch in 2020. In particular, we study the Euclid Deep Survey(EDS) which will provide a unique combination of area, depth and cadence overthe mission. We estimated the redshift distribution of Euclid SLSNe-I using thelatest information on their rates and spectral energy distribution, as well asknown Euclid instrument and survey parameters, including the cadence and depthof the EDS. We also applied a standardization method to the peak magnitudes tocreate a simulated Hubble diagram to explore possible cosmological constraints.We show that Euclid should detect approximately 140 high-quality SLSNe-I to z ~3.5 over the first five years of the mission (with an additional 70 if we lowerour photometric classification criteria). This sample could revolutionize thestudy of SLSNe-I at z>1 and open up their use as probes of star-formationrates, galaxy populations, the interstellar and intergalactic medium. Inaddition, a sample of such SLSNe-I could improve constraints on atime-dependent dark energy equation-of-state, namely w(a), when combined withlocal SLSNe-I and the expected SN Ia sample from the Dark Energy Survey. Weshow that Euclid will observe hundreds of SLSNe-I for free. These luminoustransients will be in the Euclid data-stream and we should prepare now toidentify them as they offer a new probe of the high-redshift Universe for bothastrophysics and cosmology.

Euclid: Superluminous supernovae in the Deep Survey