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We explore volcanic outgassing on purely rocky, stagnant-lid exoplanets ofdifferent interior structures, compositions, thermal states, and age. We focuson planets in the mass range of 1-8 ME (Earth masses). We derive scaling lawsto quantify first- and second-order influences of these parameters on volcanicoutgassing after 4.5 Gyrs of evolution. Given commonly observed astrophysicaldata of super-Earths, we identify a range of possible interior structures andcompositions by employing Bayesian inference modelling. [..] The identifiedinteriors are subsequently used as input for two-dimensional (2-D) convectionmodels to study partial melting, depletion, and outgassing rates of CO2. Intotal, we model depletion and outgassing for an extensive set of more than 2300different super-Earth cases. We find that there is a mass range for whichoutgassing is most efficient (~2--3 ME, depending on thermal state) and anupper mass where outgassing becomes very inefficient (~5--7 \ME, depending onthermal state). [..] In summary, depletion and outgassing are mainly influencedby planet mass and thermal state. Interior structure and composition onlymoderately affect outgassing. The majority of outgassing occurs before 4.5Gyrs, especially for planets below 3 ME. We conclude that for stagnant-lidplanets, (1) compositional and structural properties have secondary influenceon outgassing compared to planet mass and thermal state, and (2) confirm thatthere is a mass range for which outgassing is most efficient and an upper masslimit, above which no significant outgassing can occur. Our predicted trend ofCO2-atmospheric masses can be observationally tested for exoplanets. Thesefindings and our provided scaling laws are an important step in order toprovide interpretative means for upcoming missions such as, e.g., JWST andE-ELT, that aim at characterizing exoplanet atmospheres.

Outgassing on stagnant-lid super-Earths