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Context: Modern versions of the Miller-Urey experiment claim that formamide(NH$_2$CHO) could be the starting point for the formation of metabolic andgenetic macromolecules. Intriguingly, formamide is indeed observed in regionsforming Solar-type stars as well as in external galaxies. Aims: How NH$_2$CHOis formed has been a puzzle for decades: our goal is to contribute to the hotlydebated question of whether formamide is mostly formed via gas-phase or grainsurface chemistry. Methods: We used the NOEMA interferometer to image NH$_2$CHOtowards the L1157-B1 blue-shifted shock, a well known interstellar laboratory,to study how the components of dust mantles and cores released into the gasphase triggers the formation of formamide. Results: We report the firstspatially resolved image (size $\sim$ 9", $\sim$ 2300 AU) of formamide emissionin a shocked region around a Sun-like protostar: the line profiles areblueshifted and have a FWHM $\simeq$ 5 km s$^{-1}$. A column density of $N_{\rmNH_2CHO}$ = 8 $\times$ 10$^{12}$ cm$^{-1}$, and an abundance (with respect toH-nuclei) of 4 $\times$ 10$^{-9}$ are derived. We show a spatial segregation offormamide with respect to other organic species. Our observations, coupled witha chemical modelling analysis, indicate that the formamide observed in L1157-B1is formed by gas-phase chemical process, and not on grain surfaces aspreviously suggested. Conclusions: The SOLIS interferometric observations offormamide provide direct evidence that this potentially crucial brick of lifeis efficiently formed in the gas-phase around Sun-like protostars.

Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS) III. Formamide in protostellar shocks: evidence for gas-phase formation