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Context. The high-angular-resolution capability of the new-generationground-based adaptive-optics camera SPHERE at ESO VLT allows us to assess, forthe very first time, the cratering record of medium-sized (D~100-200 km)asteroids from the ground, opening the prospect of a new era of investigationof the asteroid belt's collisional history. Aims. We investigate here thecollisional history of asteroid (6) Hebe and challenge the idea that Hebe maybe the parent body of ordinary H chondrites, the most common type of meteoritesfound on Earth (~34% of the falls). Methods. We observed Hebe with SPHERE aspart of the science verification of the instrument. Combined with earlieradaptive-optics images and optical light curves, we model the spin andthree-dimensional (3D) shape of Hebe and check the consistency of the derivedmodel against available stellar occultations and thermal measurements. Results.Our 3D shape model fits the images with sub-pixel residuals and the lightcurves to 0.02 mag. The rotation period (7.274 47 h), spin (343 deg,+47 deg),and volume-equivalent diameter (193 +/- 6km) are consistent with previousdeterminations and thermophysical modeling. Hebe's inferred density is 3.48 +/-0.64 g.cm-3 , in agreement with an intact interior based on its H-chondritecomposition. Using the 3D shape model to derive the volume of the largestdepression (likely impact crater), it appears that the latter is significantlysmaller than the total volume of close-by S-type H-chondrite-like asteroidfamilies. Conclusions. Our results imply that (6) Hebe is not the most likelysource of H chondrites. Over the coming years, our team will collect similarhigh-precision shape measurements with VLT/SPHERE for ~40 asteroids coveringthe main compositional classes, thus providing an unprecedented dataset toinvestigate the origin and collisional evolution of the asteroid belt.

3D shape of asteroid (6)~Hebe from VLT/SPHERE imaging: Implications for the origin of ordinary H chondrites