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The reionization of the Universe is one of the most important topics ofpresent day astrophysical research. The most plausible candidates for thereionization process are star-forming galaxies, which according to thepredictions of the majority of the theoretical and semi-analytical modelsshould dominate the HI ionizing background at z~3. We aim at measuring theLyman continuum escape fraction, which is one of the key parameters to computethe contribution of star-forming galaxies to the UV background. We have usedultra-deep U-band imaging (U=30.2mag at 1sigma) by LBC/LBT in theCANDELS/GOODS-North field, as well as deep imaging in COSMOS and EGS fields, inorder to estimate the Lyman continuum escape fraction of 69 star-forminggalaxies with secure spectroscopic redshifts at 3.27<z<3.40 to faint magnitudelimits (L=0.2L*, or equivalently M1500~-19). We have measured through stacks astringent upper limit (<1.7% at 1sigma) for the relative escape fraction of HIionizing photons from bright galaxies (L>L*), while for the faint population(L=0.2L*) the limit to the escape fraction is ~10%. We have computed thecontribution of star-forming galaxies to the observed UV background at z~3 andwe have found that it is not enough to keep the Universe ionized at theseredshifts, unless their escape fraction increases significantly (>10%) at lowluminosities (M1500>-19). We compare our results on the Lyman continuum escapefraction of high-z galaxies with recent estimates in the literature and discussfuture prospects to shed light on the end of the Dark Ages. In the future,strong gravitational lensing will be fundamental to measure the Lyman continuumescape fraction down to faint magnitudes (M1500~-16) which are inaccessiblewith the present instrumentation on blank fields.

The Lyman Continuum escape fraction of faint galaxies at z~3.3 in the CANDELS/GOODS-North, EGS, and COSMOS fields with LBC