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Accurate modelling of solar-like oscillators requires that modelled modefrequencies are corrected for the systematic shift caused by improper modellingof the near-surface layers, known as the surface effect. ... We investigate howmuch additional uncertainty is introduced to stellar model parameters by ouruncertainty about the functional form of the surface effect. At the same time,we test whether any of the parametrizations is significantly better or worse atmodelling observed subgiants and low-luminosity red giants. We model six starsobserved by Kepler that show clear mixed modes. We fix the input physics of thestellar models and vary the choice of surface correction ... Models using asolar-calibrated power law correction consistently fit the observations morepoorly than the other four corrections. Models with the remaining fourcorrections generally fit ... about equally well, with the combined surfacecorrection by Ball & Gizon perhaps being marginally superior. The fits broadlyagree on the model parameters within about the $2\sigma$ uncertainties, withdiscrepancies between the modified Lorentzian and free power law correctionsoccasionally exceeding the $3\sigma$ level. Relative to the best-fittingvalues, the total uncertainties on the masses, radii and ages of the stars areall less than 2, 1 and 6 per cent, respectively. A solar-calibrated power law... appears unsuitable for use with more evolved solar-like oscillators. Amongthe remaining surface corrections, the uncertainty in the model parametersintroduced by the surface effects is about twice as large as the uncertainty inthe individual fits for these six stars. Though the fits are thus somewhat lesscertain because of our uncertainty of how to manage the surface effect, theseresults also demonstrate that it is feasible to model the individual modefrequencies of subgiants and low-luminosity red giants. ...

Surface-effect corrections for oscillation frequencies of evolved stars