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To constrain models of high-mass star formation, the Herschel/HOBYS KP aimsat discovering massive dense cores (MDCs) able to host the high-mass analogs oflow-mass prestellar cores, which have been searched for over the past decade.We here focus on NGC6334, one of the best-studied HOBYS molecular cloudcomplexes.  We used Herschel PACS and SPIRE 70-500mu images of the NGC6334 complexcomplemented with (sub)millimeter and mid-infrared data. We built a completeprocedure to extract ~0.1 pc dense cores with the getsources software, whichsimultaneously measures their far-infrared to millimeter fluxes. We carefullyestimated the temperatures and masses of these dense cores from their SEDs.  A cross-correlation with high-mass star formation signposts suggests a massthreshold of 75Msun for MDCs in NGC6334. MDCs have temperatures of 9.5-40K,masses of 75-1000Msun, and densities of 10^5-10^8cm-3. Their mid-IR emission isused to separate 6 IR-bright and 10 IR-quiet protostellar MDCs while their 70muemission strength, with respect to fitted SEDs, helps identify 16 starless MDCcandidates. The ability of the latter to host high-mass prestellar cores isinvestigated here and remains questionable. An increase in mass and densityfrom the starless to the IR-quiet and IR-bright phases suggests that theprotostars and MDCs simultaneously grow in mass. The statistical lifetimes ofthe high-mass prestellar and protostellar core phases, estimated to be1-7x10^4yr and at most 3x10^5yr respectively, suggest a dynamical scenario ofhigh-mass star formation.  The present study provides good mass estimates for a statisticallysignificant sample, covering the earliest phases of high-mass star formation.High-mass prestellar cores may not exist in NGC6334, favoring a scenariopresented here, which simultaneously forms clouds and high-mass protostars.

The earliest phases of high-mass star formation, as seen in NGC 6334 by \emph{Herschel}