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We investigate the structure of the O-type binary system HD 48099 bymeasuring linear polarization that arises due to light scattering process.  Linear polarization measurements of HD 48099 in the B, V and R passbands withthe high-precision Dipol-2 polarimeter have been carried out. The data havebeen obtained with the 60 cm KVA (Observatory Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma,Spain) and T60 (Haleakala, Hawaii, USA) remotely controlled telescopes during31 observing nights. Polarimetry in the optical wavelengths has beencomplemented by observations in the X-rays with the SWIFT space observatory.  Optical polarimetry revealed small intrinsic polarization in HD 48099 with0.1% peak to peak variation over the orbital period of 3.08 days. Thevariability pattern is typical for binary systems, showing strong secondharmonic of the orbital period. We apply our model code for the electronscattering in the circumstellar matter to put constraints on the systemgeometry. A good model fit is obtained for scattering of light on a cloudproduced by the colliding stellar winds. The geometry of the cloud, with abroad distribution of scattering particles away from the orbital plane, helpsin constraining the (low) orbital inclination. We derive from the polarizationdata the inclination i = 17 deg +/- 2deg and the longitude of the ascendingnode Omega = 82 deg +/- 1 deg of the binary orbit. The available X-ray dataprovide additional evidence for the existence of the colliding stellar winds inthe system. Another possible source of the polarized light could be scatteringfrom the stellar photospheres. The models with circumstellar envelopes, ormatter confined to the orbital plane, do not provide good constraints on thelow inclination, better than i < 27 deg, as is already suggested by the absenceof eclipses.

High-precision broad-band linear polarimetry of early-type binaries I. Discovery of variable, phase-locked polarization in HD 48099