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Aims: We aim to determine the effect of converging flows on the evolution ofa bipolar magnetic region (BMR), and to investigate the role of these inflowsin the generation of poloidal flux. We also discuss whether the flux dispersaldue to turbulent flows can be described as a diffusion process.  Methods: We developed a simple surface flux transport model based onpoint-like magnetic concentrations. We tracked the tilt angle, the magneticflux and the axial dipole moment of a BMR in simulations with and withoutinflows and compared the results. To test the diffusion approximation,simulations of random walk dispersal of magnetic features were compared againstthe predictions of the diffusion treatment.  Results: We confirm the validity of the diffusion approximation to describeflux dispersal on large scales. We find that the inflows enhance fluxcancellation, but at the same time affect the latitudinal separation of thepolarities of the bipolar region. In most cases the latitudinal separation islimited by the inflows, resulting in a reduction of the axial dipole moment ofthe BMR. However, when the initial tilt angle of the BMR is small, the inflowsproduce an increase in latitudinal separation that leads to an increase in theaxial dipole moment in spite of the enhanced flux destruction. This can giverise to a tilt of the BMR even when the BMR was originally aligned parallel tothe equator.

astronomy and astrophysics

Surface flux transport simulations: Effect of inflows toward active  regions and random velocities on the evolution of the Sun's large-scale  magnetic field