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Aims. We demonstrate the high multiplex advantage of crowded field 3Dspectroscopy using the new integral field spectrograph MUSE by means of aspectroscopic analysis of more than 12,000 individual stars in the globularcluster NGC 6397. Methods. The stars are deblended with a PSF fittingtechnique, using a photometric reference catalogue from HST as prior, includingrelative positions and brightnesses. This catalogue is also used for a firstanalysis of the extracted spectra, followed by an automatic in-depth analysisusing a full-spectrum fitting method based on a large grid of PHOENIX spectra.Results. With 18,932 spectra from 12,307 stars in NGC 6397 we have analysed thelargest sample so far available for a single globular cluster. We derived amean radial velocity of vrad=17.84+-0.07 km/s and a mean metallicity of[Fe/H]=-2.120+-0.002, with the latter seemingly varying with temperature forstars on the RGB. We determine T_eff and [Fe/H] from the spectra, and log gfrom HST photometry. This is the first very comprehensive HRD for a globularcluster based on the analysis of several thousands of stellar spectra, rangingfrom the main sequence to the tip of the RGB. Furthermore, two interestingobjects were identified with one being a post-AGB star and the other a possiblemillisecond-pulsar companion.

astronomy and astrophysics

MUSE crowded field 3D spectroscopy of over 12,000 stars in the globular  cluster NGC 6397 - I. The first comprehensive spectroscopic HRD of a globular  cluster